Ddr5 timings guide. 49V on both sticks.
Ddr5 timings guide. Adaptive SoC package delays should always be included for purposes of determining skews. . Mar 24, 2023 · Want to get the most out of your DDR5 memory but don't know how? We'll show you how to overclock your DDR5 RAM in several easy steps. Oct 1, 2023 · After extensive testing i managed to set up timings to get best performance i could out of this ram kit. i have never done any DDR5 OC, the sticks in my AMD rig are set to expo and left alone as there was the big AMD ram cpu killing thing KIT: ADATA XPG So i only know the very basics about RAM oc, but i want to know which settings how behave. This ensures your AMD platform works at its best. I can't find a single other kit from their competition that matches this timing pattern other than CL36-36-36-76 for 6000 Mhz. Instruction for Hynix M-die by using i9 13900k and msi z690 a-pro. This guide can be used to overclock your RAM even if you only want a better gaming performance and squeeze more sweet juice out of your RAM. Demystifying Memory Overclocking on Ryzen: OC Guidelines and Explaining Subtimings, Resistances, Voltages, and More! Dec 18, 2024 · AMD Hynix DDR5 Overclocking Guide Here is how I got my Hynix A-Die DDR5 stable at 6400MHz with the below timings. Ahh, GPU and CPU OC too easy. Ryzen DRAM calculator is designed to work with all AMD Ryzen Zen architecture first and second generation processors. I lowered my speeds down to 6400mhz and have not experienced any issues Apr 22, 2025 · A no-nonsense breakdown of RAM timings that actually matter when you're dialing in your overclock to help you get the most performance. Your timings are loose enough to work at 6400MT/s as well, so I don't think that's a problem. Skill trident z RGB 6000MTs CL36-36-36-96 F5-6000J3636F16GX2-TZ5RK Actually Hardcore Overclocking 191K subscribers 1. Feb 20, 2025 · Discover how DDR5 memory enhances computing with faster data rates, improved efficiency, and higher capacity. Aug 24, 2025 · Unlock peak performance from your AMD Threadripper 9980X. 141, I've lowered it to 1. Jul 16, 2022 · If you're looking to extract even more performance, here's our guide to wringing the utmost performance out of your DDR5 memory kit. Sep 29, 2024 · I got myself 2x16GB DDR5 Micron A-die RAM right now it is running at it's EXPO profile which is 5200Mhz at 40-40-40-80 1. (Buildzoid + primaries for Hynix-A that I have. This new generation of memory offered substantial improvements in terms of speed and energy efficiency compared to DDR4. Here are May 14, 2024 · Hey im new to DRAM timing. To find the true performance, you need to calculate the absolute latency in nanoseconds (ns). M-die would run 7000C30 1T at 1. kits on them. DDR5-6000 should work on basically anything. Jun 18, 2019 · XMP Profile - 6400Mhz CL32 1. I have considered changing mobos as I think it’s a motherboard problem with ddr5 ram. Problem is the documentation for DDR4 seems really good and DDR5 has information all over the place. A kit with a higher speed might have looser (higher) timings but could still be faster overall. 45v with tREFI at 100000 (Should i try higher?) AIDA64 - 54. 4v VPP is at 1. A common and decent timing spec for DDR5 6000 memory is 30-36-36-76. 3 days ago · DDR5 memory is the fifth-generation double data rate (DDR) synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) with the performance improvements from DDR4 to DDR5 being the greatest yet. But then I’m using stock non xpo timings. 4V for the memory, I'm running a similar kit at 6200 MT/s with 1. It suggests stable memory timing sets optimized for your memory kit, for example B-die. Learn how to safely overclock DDR5 memory, optimize timings, and maximize performance on Intel and AMD platforms. Jul 13, 2025 · DDR5 RAM has slower CAS timings, but is that a bad thing? Not necessarily. 4v OC - 7200Mhz CL34 1. 40V F5-7200J3445G16GX2-TZ5RS RYZEN 5 7600X @ 5. Learn to overclock, ask experienced users your questions, boast your… The higher voltage could also help you tighten some secondary timings even further. I need help with the timings For example, . -playaround with ProcODT if you can't boot. Have overclocked Cpus/Gpus for a fair few years but never messed with RAM, but im curious with the potential gains i could get and my stock timings arent that great 😆 Any advice or links appreciated! Thanks in So Im new to this and Ive been picking the brains of two people pertaining to this but Im just looking to have some conversation about these timings. Aug 19, 2024 · Accurate timing and synchronization are critical for DDR5 operation, especially at high data rates. In this paper, we provide further detail about improved performance, RAS and Nov 19, 2023 · System has been up and stable for a while, I dug around a bit and ran across some videos regarding Buildzoid's secondary timings and set those. 8 GB/s bandwidth DDR5-6000 CL30: 10ns latency, 48 GB/s bandwidth For gaming, I found DDR4-3600 CL16 matches DDR5-5600 CL32 in most titles. DDR5 Infinity Fabric, IMC, Timings Tuning … Quickly find the right tuning with benchmark results … More DDR5 tuning Infinity Fabric tuning IMC tuning Memory timings tuning DDR5 Benchmark general overview More DDR5 Tuning … Before we tackle the next steps in tuning the RAM, we would like to clarify a few basic things in advance. So there might be mistakes because I don't design memory controllers or memory chips. Apr 13, 2025 · Delving Deep: Understanding the Timing of DDR5 6000 So, you’re looking at DDR5 6000 and wondering about its timing. Jul 9, 2025 · When buying DRAM, you’ll see information about their timings, like 34-42-42-96 or 40-40-40-77. Next set your BUS settings to the @Veii recommended. SKILL Trident Z5 RGB Series CL34-45-45-115 1. Managed to get some pretty sweet timings with these. Content creation and professional workloads benefit more from DDR5’s bandwidth advantage. 35V (XMP) DDR5 RAM (AX5U6000C4016G-CCARGY). 2 2TB 980 / MSI X670P - WIFI / 360mm AIO by deepcool I am new to this I've met set changes to the bios from disabling things and PBO settings and Dram voltages I've been using an ADATA XPG 6000Mhz 40-40-40 @ 1. Compared to the previous generation of DDR4 memory, DDR5 supports faster frequency speed, higher capacity, and lower operating voltage. md at oc-guide · integralfx/MemTestHelper While it's written for DDR4, and the specific timing recommendations don't really apply, the principle and order of tightening timings remains the same (lower one timing at a time, test stability, rinse and repeat) Here's what's changed in terms of DDR5 OC on Intel CPUs: tCL needs to be a multiple of the As a beginner, first I tried reducing all timings at once, it did not give performance. Mar 7, 2007 · I started this OC by beginning with a guide from here: DDR5 Overclocking Guide: Make it Faster - Overclockers Then I had to tune the voltages as this alone did not manage to get me stability or to my lowest possible timings. At DDR5-6000. 4ns latency, 44. RAM DDR5 Patriot Venom 6200 MHz cl40 on Hynix M-die chips. I'm a complete noob to ram tuning and know b-die is not the best this time around but I want to know if anyone has a timing table for a Samsung kit running at 6000MTs with tight timings? R5 7600X Gigabyte B650i Aorus Ultra G. But it should be ok to follow , I don't see many others showing their timings but these are at my current the best configuration i have found for 6000-Mhz "30 CAS" Overclock DDR5 RAM on Z890 for more FPS and Lower Latency! - Intel Core Ultra 5, 7 and 9 ImWateringPSUs 39. This CAS to CAS delay applies to both read to read and write to write scenarios. May 21, 2025 · The timing constraints are defined in the following tables for various signal groups and their targets, similar to how they would be entered into PCB layout software tools. Jul 2, 2018 · This content hopes to define memory timings and demystify the primary timings, including CAS (CL), tRAS, tRP, tRAS, and tRCD. 1T, CL28 among other things. However, while going from JEDEC baseline DDR5 to well tuned and overclocked DDR5 can net you 50% performance increases in specific memory benchmarks, 2/3's of that improvement you get simply by turning on EXPO. As its name suggests, tREFI is the time between refreshes. This will give you a big boost in dram performance factors. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Table 1. G. Perfect for gaming, AI, and data centers. 9V. Voltages are 1. At what point (frequency + timings) does DDR5 start outperforming a well tuned B-die DDR4? It is not just the voltage or timings, you have to consider the CPU mounting pressure, heatsink coldplate contact, CPU / RAM temperature and what not. Here are the max speeds based on my manual for my MOBO below. ) Second, I tried reducing just first 3 of primaries by 2. Skill Trident Z5 RGB Series DDR5-6400 PC5-51200 CL32 Dual Channel --Memory Latency Timings 32-39-39-102 OR Corsair Vengeance 32GB (2 x 16GB) DDR5-6400 PC5-51200 CL32 Dual Channel Simulate RAM timings and execution scenarios with our RAM Timing Simulator. 285K subscribers in the overclocking community. First, load a memory profile for say 6200 from your motherboard. From Sep 27, 2022 · Assuming DDR5-6400, all timings were then tightened and, mind you, still in 1:1 mode with unchanged voltages. md at oc-guide · integralfx/MemTestHelper While it's written for DDR4, and the specific timing recommendations don't really apply, the principle and order of tightening timings remains the same (lower one timing at a time, test stability, rinse and repeat) Here's what's changed in terms of DDR5 OC on Intel CPUs: tCL needs to be a multiple of the Feb 9, 2002 · So I have been fiddling with 6000-MHZ timings for a bit ASROCK does not always share the same naming scheme as other brands. May 29, 2017 · Hello everyone! I wanted to save some time please share your Zen Timings SK hynix A-Die / RYZEN 7000 or 9000 Series 100% stable custom end result screenshots. Also, try raising the SOC voltage to 1. (there's a bunch of timings in mobo BIOSs that don't actually exist on intel CPUs for example: tWTR_S/L ). Here are Aug 25, 2024 · Hello, I have a set of Crossair DDR5 6000MHZ rams 32GB and I wanted to optimize my timing's my components are 7800xt / 7800x3d / m. On a cold Apr 10, 2023 · Explore RAM timings explained, including CAS Latency, striking the perfect balance between speed and latency, and boosting performance with XMP profiles. A detailed 2022 guide with examples of RAM Speed vs. Hi, i have an XMP 5600 CL40 Kingston Fury Beast 2x16GB setup on my AM5 system (X670E Steel Legend with the latest BIOS from a couple of days ago), that i'm running at 6000 CL30-36-36-76-112 1. I saw some rules for timings that I can't be sure of. But I still want to get my ram timings as tight as I can because I know it’s important Ryzen CPUs on AM5 gain a LOT of performance from RAM tuning, so here's a simple guide on how to set your RAM & CPU memory controller properly!Here's my Insta Hello folks! I feel like I might be at the limit of what I can achieve on Zen 4, any advice on how to reduce latency, or improve performance? RAM is SK-Hynix btw. Instead some timing need to be “correct” and lower doesn’t always mean better. Sep 23, 2022 · A-die might get better timings though. Master voltages, timings, and stability testing for Intel & AMD platforms. Hynix supports better timings, and those matter. 4V at the moment. Guide how to overclock DDR5. 28V and see if that helps. But I want the updated version DDR5 timings explained for Normies 2022 with bonus offer DDR5 timings explained: toddler edition *. Advertised speed is DDR5 6000 running at CL30-36-36-76 at 1. They are rated for 1. Learn about package, pinout, addressing, and more. Set the RAM speed to 6400. Aug 27, 2009 · G. DDR5 RAM made its debut on July 14, 2020. Aug 24, 2004 · Am still very much learning about DDR5 as this is my first AM5 board. Voltages VDDIO / MVDD / MVDDQ: 1. A Repo dedicated to resources regarding the overclocking of DDR5 Memory - Arshia1381/DDR5-OC-Guide Dialed voltages down, followed Buildzoid's easy timings video, then went down the rabbit hole of tuning further. Request: Can someone help me “correct” the timings and improve my RAM performance to meet or at least closer to my goal? Sep 8, 2025 · Here is how I got my Hynix A-Die DDR5 stable at 6400MHz with the below timings. Visit ht DRAM Calculator for Ryzen helps with overclocking your memory on the AMD Ryzen platform. JEDEC DDR5 SDRAM standard JESD79-5B outlines specifications, functionalities, and configurations for DDR5 memory. It gets confusing when some timings are slower but some are faster or the clocks are higher but the timings are slower. The sweet spot for DDR4 memory guide remains 3200-3600MHz with tight timings. It did not increase performance. 7GHZ ASUS X570-P with 1654 bios – newest agesa 25/08/2023 Infinity fabric clock at 2100mhz TRFC Try 1. First, load a Recently built a 14900K system with 48GB DDR5-8000MT/s RAM. Unfortunately, there still seems to be a bug in the Ryzen Master software, so that the timings are no longer displayed correctly here. How to overclock DDR5 RAM on AMD Ryzen? How to fine-tune the timings (primary, secondary, and tertiary)? Nov 14, 2021 · There's this guide: MemTestHelper/DDR4 OC Guide. DISCLAIMER: Before proceeding, you must understand that by doing a RAM overclocking Easy memory timings for Hynix DDR5 with Ryzen 7000 Actually Hardcore Overclocking 194K subscribers Subscribed Ya boi! Buildzoid made DDR4 timings explained for Normies/infant edition. Using Ryzen DRAM calculator you can achieve higher memory overclocks with better stability. * Seriously though, that man has a plethora of knowledge he just freely hands out every video he creates. It doesn't help that overclock . Knowing about ryzen memory compatibility and Secondary and tertiary timings (except for tRFC) don't really change much across frequency. 25V Timings tCL: just use XMP tRCD: just use XMP tRP: just use XMP tRAS: 30* tRC: 68 tWR: 48 tREFI: 50000 tRFC: 500 tRFC2: 400 tRFC4: 300 tRTP: 12 tRRD_L: 8 // Some hynix A-die really really sucks Learn how to calculate DDR3, DDR4, and DDR5 memory First Word Latency so you can choose the best modules for your performance needs and budget. 4v and while it did seem to work fine with a 7600X, after changing to 7950X and using the same timings, i've been having 1-2 idle crashes/hard reboots a week with nothing in the event viewer. On the previous page we showed what you can achieve with the Jan 25, 2024 · With the rise of DDR5 RAM and new-gen motherboards, 64GB kits are becoming less and less available and more expensive. The tight timings and dual-rank design help this piece achieve better frequencies than you might expect. 2K subscribers Subscribe Oct 4, 2019 · Hi all Buildzoid has a RAM buying guide for the 9800X3D and I’ll link the information but here’s the comment for the video on Patreon Ryzen 9800X3D RAM buying guide. 4v and 7800C34 2T at 1. There are 20+ timings, which one do i want to keep low, which high ? Are there timings which should be somehow in relation to other timings ? Are there timings i have to keep untoched, because it will always be unstable ? It would be great to have a spreadsheet for every timing, which tells you for You and i have a similar builds (z790 godlike, 13900k, ddr5 7200mhz, 1000w psu) and i also get crashes but iv seen 2 video's of people that have the exact similar builds as ours but with a 1200w psu im not sure if that's the fix but im going to order one just to see, they didn't tweak any timings just plug and play. For users building high-end systems today who don’t want to upgrade again soon, this memory represents an excellent investment. The exception to this is tREFI, which is the refresh interval. 9V as the RAM timings are measured in clock cycles or ticks. Anybody able to give me some good timings based on my setup below. The Crucial DDR5-4800 CL40 is the best RAM if you’re looking for 64GB of memory. I came across this guide to tRFC caps on another board, but there was no reference to the source, does anyone recognise where it came from? It was actually very helpful because on my dual rank(or is it quad rank with 2 banks All tertiary timings give a good increase in copying and recording, but they are also sensitive in tuning - instability is manifested in the compressed timings! r/overclocking Current search is within r/overclocking Remove r/overclocking filter and expand search to all of Reddit We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. While previous memory technologies focused on Sep 24, 2025 · DDR5-5600 CL32: 11. 2 V Since Crucial’s new kits with clock rates up to DDR5-6000 should also be interesting for AM5 users, I naturally didn’t want to skip overclocking on the AMD platform. I need these examples for a faster overclocking success as there are no such a thing as a dram calculator or something similar. You really cant just "see" by the numbers which one performs better than, especially because some programs or game benefit more from latency while others more from faster clocks. higher settings of ProcODT can lead to more stable RAM. So Let’s talk more about it and I’ll even show you step-by-step how you What do those sequences of memory timings on your RAM modules mean?TunnelBear message: TunnelBear is the easy-to-use VPN app for mobile and desktop. However, the Infinity Fabric now seems to be more heavily loaded due Nov 17, 2024 · I've got a pretty cheap pair of 32GB DDR5 sticks and I've always used Buildzoid's easy tweaks to get some extra oompth. 35V VSOC: 1. Those numbers represent the DRAM kit’s latency, and these settings are stored on a chip on the memory sticks called the SPD (Serial Presence Detect), so you may see those letters at the same time. Lowering tCL doesn't do much for DDR5, so it's up to you if the increased voltage is worth it Aug 17, 2025 · Unlock your PC's true potential with our deep-dive guide to stable DDR5 overclocking. This is where our calculator comes in handy. Check it out, I hope it helps Aug 13, 2024 · DDR5 Memory is already pretty fast but if you want to go even faster, overclocking your DDR5 RAM is a good option to explore. Lower timings mean fewer cycles to perform an operation, which means better performance. 25v And i was wondering if there is any sense in messing around with the memory to maximize the total performance. New 14 November DO: 2x16GB DDR5-6000 CL30 2x24GB DDR5-6000 CL30 2x32GB DDR5-6000 CL30 2x48GB DDR5-6000 CL30 DO NOT: 4x16GB - DDR5-7600+ performance wise is a viable alternative to DDR5-6000 however it's more dependant on motherboard quality. 4V. 0, I've seen others reference . In its simplest form, the “timing” of DDR5 6000 refers to the latency, measured in CAS Latency (CL), tRCD (RAS to CAS Delay), tRP (RAS Precharge), and tRAS (RAS Active Time). Mar 10, 2025 · The CL32 timing is impressively tight for DDR5 at this speed tier, contributing to the kit’s snappy response in applications. net has guides without pictures and broken links. It should be the same method for Hynix M-Die as well. So I lowered some timings until they couldn't go any lower without errors and maxed the frequency with this setup. Some people are running trident z5 6400 @ 8000+ on 2 dimm boards as it is easier to stabilize higher freq. All things overclocking go here. Input frequency and timings to analyze activation, read, precharge cycles, and optimize performance. Someone posted on reddit with similar sticks to mine so I have been down the rabbit hole a bit of tweaking. This section will cover key timing considerations and strategies for maintaining proper synchronization. Jun 26, 2025 · Complete PC RAM guide for gaming: how much RAM you need, DDR4 vs DDR5, ideal speeds, timings, setup tips, FAQ, and different gaming builds. Hello to anyone reading I'm about to help a friend build a pc -- I want to get him ddr5 but I have only built ddr4 builds. Nov 5, 2022 · Here is how I got my Hynix A-Die DDR5 stable at 6400MHz with the below timings. A Little bit of careful tweaking in terms of overclocking yout RAM can make your games run smoother and apps work even faster, and honestly, it’s not as complicated or risky as it might sound. My question is is CLDO VDDP a static or dynamic setting? ASUS had it set to 1. So in the first screenshot I have stock EXPO enabled with FCLK @ 2133 and the second screenshot is Buildzoids timings and FCLK @ 2133. Click to expand thus far, my M-die runs much tighter timings and will run 1T, where my a-die runs higher clocks at lower voltage, but will not run 1T. Skill Trident Z5 RGB Series 64GB (2 x 32GB) DDR5-6000 PC5-48000 CL30 Dual Channel Desktop Memory Kit F5 - Micro Center Its a 2x32gb (64) GB set running in gear 2. I've rounded up all the best DDR5 RAM kits available for current-generation AMD and Intel machines based on more than 100 hours of testing. 5K 45K views 1 year ago #intel #ddr5 #overclocking Sep 9, 2024 · By improving ram speed ryzen and ryzen memory timings, you can make your Ryzen system run better. Skew Constraint Rules for DDR5 Signals Skew Const Mar 3, 2023 · The tRRD timings vary a ton between kits, the good ones do 4 7 for s and l respectively, the worse kits do 8 9, so these especially you have to mess around with. DDR5-OC-Guide A Repo dedicated to resources regarding the overclocking of DDR5 Memory Plans: Before you begin/concept check Intro Tools Why OC (Gains) ICs Platforms Timings (breakdown) OC methodology (General) OC methodology (Timing Rules) OC methodology (expectations and further tightening) Benchmarks Stress test Tips and Behaviour Other Resources Sep 27, 2022 · The big Ryzen 7000 Memory and OC Tuning Guide – Infinity Fabric, EXPO, Dual-Rank, Samsung and Hynix DDR5 in Practice test with Benchmarks and Recommendations Oct 25, 2021 · There's this guide: MemTestHelper/DDR4 OC Guide. When i ran 7200mhz with xmp on, my game would crash constantly. W/ 14900 ks UPDATED Simulate RAM timings and execution scenarios with our RAM Timing Simulator. Now, most websites recommend SK Hynix Die for overclocking on DDR5 platform because Samsung Die on DDR5 isn't tested as much. the WTR timings aren't real and will be handled by the tertiaries Dec 30, 2021 · Good evening, i picked up a very cheap 32gb 6000mhz cl30 kit (other timings are poo) i was very cheap so i thought i would grab it to play with. 48v; at least on Alder lake. What is the best way to optimize? With what order? Can you give a list that goes from most important to least important? Maybe its still better to tighten all at once Jan 24, 2023 · These timings should work on pretty much any hynix based DDR5 kit that is currently available (16Gb M-die and A-die at the time of writing). Comprehensive guide to DDR5 RAM overclocking. The first number is often the only one mentioned as “C” or “CL” or “CAS”, but what does Dec 10, 2020 · In this guide, we are going to show you how to use DRAM Ryzen calculator to overclock your RAM, thus improving your RandomXMonero hashrates and overall gaming experience. 35V according to their website and Amazon listings. 5ns What should i tweak? Mar 29, 2023 · This is a list of the majority of DDR5 timings that actually have registers on intel CPUs. 55v, a-die 7000C32 2T @ 1. Feb 2, 2024 · Are you maximizing your memory speed? Whether you're using native DDR5 modules or employing XMP memory, did you know that you can overclock your memory effortlessly and get an extra performance boost for free? This article will equip you with the knowledge and tools you may not be aware of to effortlessly supercharge your P May 15, 2024 · Overclocking on AMD – Crucial Pro Overclocking 2x 16 GB DDR5-6000 at DDR5-6600 36-37-37-49 1. Along with my understanding of each timing. I keep getting blue screens when attempting to boot also, even sometimes when I reset my bios to default, so stock 4800mt. RAM Timings and all of the factors that impact RAM performance. Dec 6, 2021 · Hoping to extract the most performance from your DDR5-based system? Check out this DDR5 overclocking guide to help tune your memory! Aug 25, 2025 · Timings are measured in clock cycles, not seconds. This guide is also good for other Evening/Morning all, just looking for some advice or material you could point me towards which is reliable so i can start learning about overclocking RAM or optimising timings. On DDR4 and DDR5 this timing is spilt into tCCD_S and tCCD_L for the CAS to CAS command delay for a different bank and same bank respectively. I've tighten the timings and tuned secondary/tertiary timings from random videos and posts around internet. Here's everything you need to know about CAS timings in a gaming PC. Introduction This white paper is a follow-up to Micron’s earlier DDR5 white paper titled, "Introducing Micron® DDR5 SDRAM: More Than a Generational Update," which highlighted key fifth-generation double data rate (DDR5) SDRAM features and functionality that delivers significant performance improvements over DDR4. 49V on both sticks. and if so what timings are the most important? Thank you! Mar 7, 2007 · Overclocking Gskill DDR5 C30 6000 2x32 (64gb) to 6600, timings tight. Ryzen Memory Compatibility and Optimization Building a Ryzen-based system requires careful attention to memory compatibility and performance. Mind you - I am still 100% a memory OC noobbut I feel I am DDR5 RAM overclocking on AMD Ryzen and Gigabyte: Guide and instructions for RAM overclocking. Our deep-dive covers DDR5 memory timings, EXPO profiles, manual overclocking, and strategic recommendations for 2025. trade off potentially needing higher voltages -On Ryzen 3000 and 5000, 1usmus suggests 28Ω - 40Ω. This string of numbers DDR5 is a new generation of double-data-rate DDR DRAM memory released in 2021, first to be supported on the consumer market by the 12th Gen Intel Core processors and the Z690 chipset platform. Accordingly, you’ll have to make do with screenshots from the BIOS from here on. Ive read that FCLK should be at 2000 IF running 6000mhz RAM. VDDQ and VDD2 cpu voltages are at 1. dp3ni bqhcek gxxb r1p klqwda tj2f ikh6h kknurcp l9e6 xqjc
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